Prevention
Comprehensive and integrated approaches that address the underlying causes of people’s vulnerability and risk to HIV are the most effective way to minimise HIV transmission. Prevention programmes around the world will tend to consist of activities, services and commodities that promote and support the involvement of young people, people living with HIV, marginalised groups, men and women.
Experience has shown that vulnerability and therefore risk to HIV is multifaceted and includes such dimensions as culture, social and economic situation, age, gender, sexual behaviour, sexual orientation and drug use. However, understandings of these dynamics are constantly changing as more is learnt about different epidemics in different contexts. Community organisations working in prevention will need technical support to keep up-to-date with the changing consensus on effective prevention methods, but also to make sense of how new research and new evidence can be applied to their local communities and local circumstances.
In lower prevalence countries, particularly in Latin America, East-Asia and Eastern Europe, prevention programmes need to focus on the information, services and protection available to members of population groups where concentrated epidemics are spreading fastest. The relevant groups may vary in different settings, but are often identified as all or some of the following: male, female and transgender sex workers; men who have sex with men; intravenous drug users; and people living with HIV. Community organisations working in HIV may need technical support in developing sympathetic and effective approaches to work with such groups, especially if they have had little previous experience or contact with them.
In higher prevalence settings, the population groups that need to be targeted to halt or reverse more generalised epdiemics will be different. These may be driven by age and gender dynamics, positive status or spatial mobility. Community groups will need technical support understanding how to identify relevant groups to target with information or services, but will also need help understanding the difference between targeting from an epidemiological perspective as opposed to trying to identify those most vulnerable.
Resources
Effective prevention strategies in low HIV prevalence settings
UNAIDS best practice collection.
Français
Brown T. et al., FHI/IMPACT, 2001, PDF, 44 pgs, 507 kb
Promoting sexual health for men who have sex with men and gay men
Training modules on issues related to the sexuality and sexual health of men who have sex with men and gay men.
Setting up and managing sexual health clinical services: A comprehensive programmatic guide for NGOs
Manual describing methods in which NGOs may design, deliver and manage services for STIs.
Volume II is primarily intended for clinical staff managing various interventions, including diagnosis and treatment of STIs.
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Draft Alliance injecting drug use toolkit (Russian)
Guide for NGOs working in the field of HIV/AIDS in Ukraine to facilitate the participation of groups vulnerable to HIV in assessment and response.
International HIV/AIDS Alliance, 2000, PDF, 40 pgs, 500 kb
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PMCT Training Curriculum
Course to increase knowledge and practice of health care workers for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
PMCT Project/Horizons, 2002, PDF, 399 pgs, 4.7 mb
Techniques de Prevention Participative (Fr)
Ce manuel comporte des outils pratiques ressortis de l'atelier de formation sur les techniques de prevention participative (Maroc).
AMSED/PASA/SIDA, 1997, RTF, 58 pgs, 380 kb
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Techniques de Prevention Participative II (Fr)
Ce manuel comporte des outils pratiques ressortis de l'atelier de formation sur l'approche participative, promue pat AMSED.
AMSED/PASA/SIDA, 1997, PDF, 163 pgs, 365 kb
Making Sex Work Safe
Draws together the experiences of sex work projects into a set of guidelines for sexual health promotion projects and services for sex workers.
Network of Sex Work Projects, 1997, PDF, 172 pgs, 2.5 mb
Haciendo El Trabajo Sexual Seguro (Es)
Agrupa todas las experiencias de los proyectos sobre trabajo sexual en una serie de guias para promocionar proyectos de salud sexual y servicios para trabajadores/as sexuales.
Network of Sex Work Projects, 1997, PDF, 96 pgs, 315 kb
Practical guidelines for delivering health services to sex workers
Guidelines aimed at those who deliver health care and health promotion services to sex workers.
Français Español PortugueseEUROPAP, 2002, PDF, 38pgs, 306kb
HIV Prevention in Maternal Health Services
Training guide to build capacity of programme managers and staff to address the HIV and STI needs of pregnant and postpartum clients.
EngenderHealth/UNFPA, 2004, PDF, 127 pgs, 810 kb
Peer Education - Training of Trainers Manual
Manual focussing specifically on the training of trainers of peer educators and provides and example of training programmes.
Ukrainian, Russian
UNFPA et al, 2003, PDF, 188 pgs, 960 kb
HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control
Facilitators manual for short courses for humanitarian workers in HIV/AIDS prevention and control.
Womens Consortium for Refugee Women and Children, 2004, PDF, 145 pgs, 4 mb
Adolescent Sexual & Reproductive Health: A training manual for program managers
For building the capacity of program managers to design programs that respond to the sexual SRH needs and rights of young people and helps youth develop life skills and adopt healthy behaviors.
Español
CEDPA, 2004, PDF, 224 pgs, 4.74 mb
Developing vaccines to prevent HIV/AIDS
Introduction to HIV vaccine development and some of the ways that individuals and organisations can get involved in the process.
Français
ICASO, 2000, PDF, 15 pgs, 215 kb
